And william f



May 7, 1929. G. s. HILTZ AL 1,711,497

CURRENT 1 NSMISSI 7 ON APPA US FOR PRINTING JEGRAPH AND OTHER SYSTEMS vFiled May 22, 1926 10 Sheets-Sheet l Wis 51E 6) gvwamtoz 9. J.

May 7, 1929. G. s. HILTZ ET AL 1,711,497

CURRENT TRANSMISSION APPARATUS FOR PRINTING TELEGRAPH AND OTHER SYSTEMSFiled May 22, 1926 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 F 3 L v l N /I Q \v u q F an A \oJATITIIWOII' t L. Lg x:

S Q m I i m g ,9; I 831;, mu mmw w ail May 7, 1929. as. HILTZ' ET AL1,711.49?

I CURRENT TRANSMISSION APPARATUS FOR PRINTING TELEGRAPH fAND OTHERSYSTEMS Filed May 22, 1926 10 Sheets-Sheet 3 G. S. HILTZ ET AL CURRENTTRANSMISSION APPARATUS FOR PRINTING TELEGRAPH AND OTHER SYSTEMS May 7,1929.

Filed May 22, 1926 10 Sheets-Sheet v4 ODDOOOODDQOOOOO avmemtoz' I m Q.

mid OEUQQQ LO w HILTZ ET AL CURRENT TRANSMISSION APPARATUS FOR PRINTINGMay 7, 1929. G. S.

I TELEGRAPH AND OTHER SYSTEMS- Filed May 22, 1926 10 Sheets-Sheet 5avwemto'c 95, J w. 3.

. gummy G. s. HlLTZ ET AL CURRENT TRANSMISSION APPARATUS FOR PRINTINGMay 7, 1929.

10 Sheets-Shet fe Filed May 22, 1926 avwewboz mobwmis 1) Q w% m kw k V ma M g s m ma EH8, Hm 4 EH; Hill! H Q ssemess May 7, 1929. 4 s, y -rz ETAL 1,711,497

CURRENT TRANSMISSION APPARATUS FOR'PRINTING TELEGRAPH AND OTHER SYSTEMSFiled May 22, 1926 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 G. s. HILTZ ET AL E 1,711,497CURRENT TRANSMISSION APPARATUS FOR PRINTING TELEGRAPH AND OTHER SYSTEMSMay 7, 19 29.

Ki A 3 45am v EiJTJ M -Y 9 G. s; HILTZ ET AL I"7l'l,4 97

CURRENT TRANSMISSION APPARATUS FOR PRINTING TELEGRAPH AND OTHER SYSTEMS'I Filed May 22, 1926 l0 Sheets-Sheet l0 avwemtoz GEORGE s. HIIiTZ, orBROOKLYN, NEW yonifAnn WILLIAM I v s'rocx QUOTATION T L R PH COMPANY,

IBOKEN; NEWuJERSEY, ASSIGNORS TO on NEW YORK, .11. Y., A. CORPORATION orNEW 03K.

r. PUYRICELL, or 110+ ooaitnnrrnansrarssfon APPARATUS FOR PRINTINGTELEGRAPH AND1OTHER SYSTEMS. M.

' Application fiiea ma 22,.

This inventionrelatesto current distributing systems of the class inwhich several circuits are controlled by contact made throughperforations in an insulating 1r em- 5 ber, as for example/a revolvingdiskl'o'r. drum, 01' a longitudinally traveling strip, preferal lypaper, the perforations being punched. ,in accordance with a:predetermined code whereby the relative positions of the -perfo-.rations in each cycle determine the, circu ts which are to'b'e'. closed,or, generally, con-- I trolled; The chief object of the invention,briefly stated, is to improvesu'ch systems in i the direction ofsimplicityof cohstruction 'and reliability and speed of operation. Tothis and other ends'the invention comprises the novel features andcombinations hereinafter disclosed. I I The invention finds importantapplication imprinting telegraph systems, and accordingly'we haveselected for-specific illustration and dcse'riptin herein a printingtelegraph system (for t 1e sake of simplicity a system of the one wiretype) in which our inventionis embodied. In this and in certain otherembodiments we employ; manually actuated or controlled apparatus forpunching a paper strip or tape according to a suitable positioncode.Suppose, for example, that provision is made for eleven perforation-s ina transverse line; These may be divided into two or more groups, saytwo, with four in'on'e-and seven in theother, or three, with twoperfo--' rations in one group, three in another, and six in thethird,etc. Then by permutation or combination or b'otlr'we can control amuchlarger number of circuits.- Thus We can oombine each of fourperforations in one group with each of seven in' the other, makingtwenty-eight combinations, each of which can control a circuit. In theembodiment herein illustrated, the tape is fed through the'punchingapparatus step-by-step automaticallyand is passed to theContact mechanism or pins arranged side .byside in alignment with anarrow slot in the adjacent wall of a vessel containing mercury. As thetape travcls bet worn the pins and the mercury containcr'tlie former arelield'insulated from the mercury cxcept'when a perforation comes under apin. The mercury can then pass through the paper into contact with thepin,

'tifying the damage.

one or more times.

comprising 'clcv'en insulated contact-fingers 1926. Serial No. 116,850

thereby closingthe circuit. inwhich the'pin 1s connectedin series, whichmaybe a main 5-5; circuit or a relay circuit. ,The circuitscon- Htrolled-by the contactmechanism are connected with a printing telegraphtransmitf .ter, for example one of. thesunfiowerI-type,

b uwhicha succession of current impulses "of .60 J

alternating polarity is transmitted over'the' line to the, receiverorreceivers, so that for- 5.;- I each combination of contact .c rcuits.the

proper numberof'currentimpulses will be transmitted. The feed of thetaeithrough 85 the contact mechanism is preferabilygstep-bystep-underthecontrol .of the receiver in such manner-that at the completion of eachprinting operation the perforated tape will be 'fed forward one step. Wealso prefer to put the rfeed through the contact mechanism under thecontrol of the punching apparatus so that,

if the punched tape is not supplied to the con-f tact mechanism as fast'as the receiver opv 'erates, the feed through the contactime'chan sm isstopped until the tape catches-up,

thus preventing damage to the tape with 'consequent misprinting-at thereceiver, and

loss of time entailed :by the necessity ofrec- I Our invention alsoincludes 'mea nsunder the control of the punching operator for bringingthe transmitter into unison with'the receiveror receivers. It. alsoincludes'me'ans I for repeating at high speed any desired let? 8'5 teror other character, thereby effecting asaving oftime intransmission'whenever, for. e};- ample, a doubled letter occurs in.a'word, or the same digit in a number is tobe repeated It also includesmeans '90 whereby the automatic operation can be interrupted and manualoperation or control employed at the will of th Operatorat anytime.The'embodimcnt outlined above is.'il lustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in.; whiche Fig. 1 is a plan'view of the punching and contactmechanisms, the former being essentially similar in construction toawell known typewriter, with punch-actuating fingers or projectionsinsteadof type and with punches and cooperating dies instead of theusualanis'xn which operates the punch-bars, such line 9 of Fig. 9.

Fig..10 is an end elevation of the transmit mechanism being merely thetype-bar actuating mechanism of thetyp'ewriter above referred to. 7 IFig. 3 is a detail sectional view, taken about on line 3-3 of Fig.1,"showing the 'punchin andcontact mechanisms and their tape-feedingdevices. 1 1'. Fig. 45 isa detail section taken about on line H of Fig.1, showing the punching and control mechanisms in section. 4 is a detailsectional view illustrat ing a modification ofthe tape controlledcontact mechanism. 5 Fig. 5' is a section on line 55 of Figs. 2 and 4,showing the mercury vessel, the mercury standpipes, the contact fingersor pins in their insulating support, and the insulating rontrol tape,-with the circuits all broken.

' Fig. 6 is a detail section, on the same plane as Fig. 5 but on alarger scale, showing the contact mercury, the contact pins, and thetape, with the mercury in contact with two pins through perforations inthe control tape.

Fig. 7' illustrates a piece of the control tape with feed erforationsand transmitting or circuit-closlng perforations.

Fig. 8 is a detail section on line 88 of Figs.

3 2 and 3, showing the transverse row of springretracted punches and apunch bar or hammer about to strike and actuate two of them. Fig. 9 is aplan view of the transmitter, showing the unison device at one end andthe repeat device at the other.

Fig. 9 is a detall view, partly in scction, on

ter, from the left of Fig. 9, showing the sunflower and the unisondevice.

- Fig. 11 is an elevation of the repeat device,

from the right of Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the wiring of the system, including thereceiver or tick- Fig. 13 is "a plan view of the keyboard provided formanual transmission independent of the automatic mechanism, with partsbroken away to show underlying parts.

Fig. 1 1' is a crosssection on line 1414-of Fig. 13.

eferring now to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8, the

support or carrier 10 is provided with'a se ries of apertures for thespring-raised punches 11, which cooperate with the diedie-plate 12 topunch the interposed tape 16,

Figs. 1, 2 and 4,-by fingers or projections 17 on the pivoted hammers 18(see also Fig. 8)

the several groups being arranged and spaced differently, so as toactuate the punches ac cording to a predetermined code. For example, thefingers 17 in the group of two shown in Fig. 8 are spaced and located(with respect to the punches -11) to actuate th first and seventhpunches. counting from the left.

lVhen' the two perprations thus made in the tape reach the contactmechanism, a number of current impulses will have been sent over theline by the transmitter, as explained hereinafter, and the receiver orreceivers will 4 print the corresponding letter, digit,or punctuationmark. Other fingers 17 are spaced to actuate the first punch and thefifth, the

first and the sixth, etc., and still others are I located and spaced toactuate the second and the fifth, and 'so on. ating finger orprojectionfor a punch of the group of four at the left (Fig. 8) there isassociated a finger'for one or another of theother group, containingseven punches. Thus with eleven punches we obtain twentyeightcircuit-controlling combinations. With the same number of contacts(eleven) divided That is, with each actusix and five instead of sevenand four, thirty Y circuits can be controlled if as many as thatmultiplied by the number in the other. It can be shown mathematicallythat with a given total number of contacts the number of-ci'rcuitscontrollable thereby approaches a maximum as the groups approachequality, and vice versa, for a given number of circuits the totalnumber of contacts required approaches a minimum as the groupsapp'r'oach cquality. Thus, if m and y are thenumbers of contacts in thetwo groups, the number of circuits is u=mg If the total number ofcontacts w-tyis constant, it has its maximum value when m=y. Similarly,if u is constant, aH-y has its minimum value when ig. shows a portion ofthe punched tape 16. The longitudinal row of equispaccdperforations wasmade by the feed sprocket 23, Fig. 4:. The other perforations, intransverse groups of two each, were made by the punches 11, Fig. 8. Itis to be understood that the number of perforations per group is not. ingeneral, limited to two, since we may use any convenient and suitablenumber depending upon the functionsto be performed.

One punching hammer, shown at 20 in Fig,

1, has ,only one punch-actuating finger, 21, arranged or located toactuate apredeterminedpunch for th'e'purpose explained here- Iinafter. v

'1 U f circuits by means ofbinding posts 42 Below I The insulating tape.16 is fed step-by step through the punching mechanismfand off f thesupply roll"22', Fig.'2) by a sprocket roller 23, Fig.4, Whosefteethcooperate withla c ir-"- cu'mfer'ential series of recesses 24 infa cramp"'roller'25 rotatably mounted-on the endot .a

j sprin' arm 26, which holds the .di'e'or upper (T feed i oller 25 down'on the sprocket roller with yielding but adequate pressureto insurestep-by-s'tep'.

j -perforation 'ofthe tape and step-by-step" teed thereofas'thesprocket;1'oller is rotated- -Theteeth on the sprocket 1 roller andthedie openings in the die-roller I 'lhe spr0c ket ifeed roller 4, isfixed i on a shaft 27, on which is also hired, at one end, aratchet-28,Fig. 3, prevented from backward rotation ,by thefholding pawl29 and rotated 1n the forward direction,to draw the insulating tapethrough the punching devices, by means of a pawl 30, yieldin gly' heldin engagement with the ratchet by a spring 31-. -Thejpawl'SOispivot-ally mounted on a pivoted arm 32, ralsed by aspring .33 t'o'actu- 3O f lpawl bacl'rwardly I a little morjefthan the space'ot' one alink-34 connected to a bar 35 which'in the 1 present apparatus is thesame as the uniof a typewriter, which rises on 1 'sti'fi' springbrushes'52,'53, mountedon the ate the ratchet and depressed tocarry'jthe .versal bar ,tl1e. up s t-roke of the keys to feed the papercarriage forward.

That'is, as one of the keys 19, Fig. 1, is depressed, the bar 35 is.de-'

@ally to advance the tape independently of the punching devices at anytime, as for ex- .ample in starting the tape through the pressed,carrying the pawl down over a tooth on ratchet 28,21nd as the key risesthe bar isreleased, permitting the spring to raise the arm 32and'thereby rotate the ratchet one step and-advance the .tape one step.The

shaft 27 is provided at one end with a small wheel or knob 27 which canbe rotated manumachine.

Beyond the punching mechanism,'in the direction of movement .of thetape,is the mercury contact-.zmechanism, best shown in Figs." 1, 2 3,4,5 and 6. This mechanism includes 1 an insulating block 36, which maybe made of fibre, hard rubber, bakelite, or other suitable material,having a transverse series of openmgs to receive a'transverse series ofcont-act pins 37, eleven in number, corresponding to the elevenperforation positions the control tape 16., These contacts 37 may bewires of brass or copper 'or any suitable metal, fitted tightly in theholes in block 36, and are shown bent alternately rightwardlyandleft'wardly on to of the block to connect with terminals 38, W nch arein turn connected to terminals over the ratchet (through tooth) by;

39 mounted in theremovable insulating cover 1 plate 40 and engaged bycontact springs; 41 which maybe connected with. the controlled thecontact-pin assembly isa block or plate 43 of suitableinsulatingmaterial, having a transverse chamber divided into two no'ncommunicatingchambers or compartments 44, 45, by a Wall 46. vThese chambers con-,tain two bodies of mercury, insulated from each other and'thusconstituting insulated contacts, each common to theg'ro'ups ofpincontacts immediately above.

ends the chambers are provided; Withmetal --standpipes 47 48,- swiveledin thjehlockas indicated in Fig. 5, and provided-withscrewplugc1osure's49; f The topwallofeachehamchambers are charged with enoughAttheir outer. v

cury up' through the-slots and-into contact with the'contactgpins,asclearlyiindicatedin Fig' .6. iWh'en'it is "desired to: remove thecontact assembly J-slidi'ng fit out from under the spring terminals orbrushes $41), or when itj'is desired to raise it torpermit insertion ofthe tape,- the5standpipes.47, 48 are first turned dowmasindicated indotted lines in Fig. 2. "'Themercury then runs down into the s'tandpipesand lossby outfiowthroughthe' contact slots -50, 51 ist. prevented. Thebodiesof mercury in .thetwo chambers 44, 45, are connected with the"external circuits .by

insulating block'43andbearing onthe metal spring contacts or brushestoengage'the contacts 37 through the" holes inthetape,-as in Fig. 4, forexample, in which is shown one of a row of brushes 37 arranged .111 arecess in the insulating body 43,below the registering row of contacts37,- the brushes being. electr cally connected in insulated groups offour and seven each, corresponding'to the grouped eo'ntacts37. I I 1 Asindicated in Fig. 1 thecontac-tmechanism is aligned with the punchingmechanism.

in the'pathot' the tape through: the latter,- and it willbe understoodthat the contact pins 37, Figs. 5 and 6, are individually aligned (in1'3, FigJ'SQ' The perforations made-by. the feed sprocket 23,fFig. 4,are inline with the ot-herstop '13, and to prevent. mercury fromentering these feed perforations the slot 51 in mercury chamber 45,Figs. hand 6, is

spanned by an insulating block 01- bridge 54. The perforated control tape 16 is drawn through the contact mechanism by a sprocket feed-roller60, Fig. 4,rotated step-by-stepby standpipes'47, 48'. We preferthemercury contact mechanism described", but we may use f a ratchet 61 onthe same shaft 62, Figs. 1 and 3. The ratchet is actuated by a pawl 63on an arm 64 fixed on the shaft 65 to which the feed of the tape at eachcycle, are regulated I by a screw 69 cooperating with the armature. Thefeed shaft 62 is provided at one end i with a knurled knob 62 by whichit can be I feed magnet 67, of suitable time-constant to.

rotated manually to advance the tape whenever desired, as in starting.

As Will be seen later, the circuit of the tapeinsure proper feed of thetape, is closed (preferably through a suitable relay) whenever animprint is 'made at the receiver or ticker,

and is opened when the resulting forward feed of the tape breaks thetransmitter control circuits.

The circu of the tape-feed magnet 07 is under the control of thepunching mechanism, so that if the sending operator does not punch thetape fast enough to keep up with the transmitter the feed sprocket 60,Fig. 4, will not be rotated, thereby preventing damage to the tape whenthe latter is held by the cooperating feed sprocket 23 and roller 24.For this purpose the magnet circuit contains a pair of normally closedcontacts 70, 71, Figs. 5 and 12,

one carried by a spring 72 which in turn earries a light bar 7 3extending under the contact mechanism. The tape between the latter andthe punching mechanism is looped under the bar, as shown in Figs. 2 and4. Now if the tape is not Supplied from the punching mechanism at leastas fast as it is passed on by the feed magnet 67 the shortening loopwill eventually lift the bar 7 3 and thereby break the magnet circuit,whereupon the tape stops in the contact mechanism until the punchingmechanism catches up. I I

At the back of the punching and contact apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is a.row of binding postterminals 7-11, thirteen in number, eleven of whichare connected with the contacts 37, Figs. 5 and G, for the output to thetransmitter. The other two may be used for the input from the source ofcurrent.

Referring now to Figs. 9 and 12 (in the latter figure thetwo annularseries of contacts at the lower left are disregarded for the present),80 isva constantly running motor supplied with current fromany suitablesource through binding posts 81 and a switch 82 and having fieldandarmature rheostats 83 of conventional design for close control ofspeed. At one end of the motor is a commutator shaft 81 connected to thearmature shaft 85 by a friction clutch 86 and connected by pinion 87 andgear 88 to the shaft of the wiper 89 to rotate the latter over thechanging switch comprising slip rings 90, 91

on the shaft, engaged by brushes 92, 93, 94, the first brush beingconnected to ground and the other two to the relay magnets 95, 96, thearmature ofwhich (not shown) "is connected through the tape-feed relay97 to the receiver or receivers on the line and plays between a pair ofcontacts 98,99 connected to the current supply mains 100, 101. Thisrelay may be of conventional design and hence need not be furtherdescribed. Sufiice ,it to say that when the commutator is in theposition shown in Fig. 12 relay magnet 96 is energized, causing .therelay armature to swing over to contact 98, for example, therebysendinga positive impulse to the ticker 102. When the rotation of thecommutator shaft 84 brings the insulating segment'103 (o'n ring 91) intocooperation with brush 94: the cir- "cuit is broken through magnet 96and closed through magnet 95, thereby sending a negatire impulse. aswill be readily understood. These impulses operate the ticker-escapement, the magnets of which are shownat 104, and thus cause step-by-steprotation of. the ticker typewheel to bring the desired character to theprinting position. The

cscapement magnets have a short time-eonstant and ate thereforequick-acting,while the press or prmtfingmagnet in series is notsufliciently energized by the rapidly alternating im 'mlses on the lineto actuate its armature (not shown herein), but is sutlicientryenergized by prolonging the last impulse of whatever polarity it happensto be) and hence can operate the printing mechanism only after' thetype-selecting movement of the type-wheel has been completed. Thereccii'cr or ticker may be of any suitable type, or for example thatshown inthe prior patent of George S. Hiltz, No. 1,085,12 issued January27, 1914. In that receiver the typewheel has two annular rows ofeharactors, for the lettersof the alphabet, punc 'tuation marks, numeraldigits. fractions, and any other other desired symbols, half thetherewith, is slow. Hence the press magnet.

characters being in one series and the rest trolled by a relay 110, alsoconnected across nected together.

th'ese mains but in series with the two bodies of mercury 44, 45, in thecontact mechanism, Figs. 5 and 6. It will therefore be seen that theclutch will be energized, to arrest commutator shaft 84 (and wiper 89)against the torque transmitted through the friction clutch 86, wheneverthe twoinsulated bodies of mercury are bridged or electricallyconmutator will be rotated by the constantly running armature shaft ofmotor 80, thereby sending alternatingimpulses over the line;

and that the wiper will be rotated over thesunfiower, in harmony withthe. commutator.

The bridging of the two bodies of mercury, 44,45, Figs. 5, 6 and 12, toarrest the commutatorsh'aft- 84 as just explained, is eiiected bythe-contacts 37 and the sunflower and wiper, 89'. As shown in Fig. 12,-the wiper, insulated from commutator-shaft 84, has two s'pring'fingers,115, 11 6, the former cooperating with an annular series of four innersunflower-contacts 1, 2, 3, 4, of equi-angular extent, the other fingercooperating with an annular series of twenty-eight outer contacts.

, two of which are shown-marked with a period.

and the others with the twenty-six letters of the'alphabet. Each ofthese outer contacts,

is connectedin parallelwith the seventh suc-. ceeding contact (countingin the anti-clockwise direction, Fig. 12), thus'i'orming what may. beconveniently termed sets of. contacts and dividing the entire seriesinto as I many groups as there are contacts in each set. In the presentmachine there are four in each set, making'four groups or seven contactseach, as follows: period, A, B, C, D, E,

G; H, L'K, L, M, N, F; period, J, O, P,Q,, It,-

S; and T, U, V, W, Y, Z. Each group is of thesame angular extent as theadjacent 1nner contact 1,2, 3 or 4, and each inner contact is common to.all the contacts of the adjacent outer group-L The inner contacts areconnected individually to the tour cont-acts 37 at the right oi theseries. In the machine illustrated, outer contacts A, I, 5, U constitutea set, and these are in parallel with each Conother but in series with acontact 87.

tacts G, F, S, form another set. connected to another contact 37. Thuseach of the first seven contacts 37'(count1ng ironrthe left) is aset-contact. The inner contact 1 is commen to the first group of sevenout-er contacts (counting anti-clockwise in Fig. 12),

contact 2 is common to the second group, and

so on. The inner contacts can therefore be conveniently termedgroupcontacts. Similarly, mercury 44, common to the seven setcontacts37, may be termed a common set contact; and mercury 45, common to thetour group-contacts 37. ma v be termed-a common group-contact: In likemanner the. circuits controlled by the severalcontacts maybe describedas connected in and arranged in It will also beseen-that so long as theclutch is tie-energized the comgroups: It is to be understood, however,that the sets and groups of circuits and contacts can be variouslyconstituted and are not limited to the layout herein specificallyillustrated. I It is also convenient to refer to the sun-flower contactsas"primary contacts and to the contacts 37 as secondary contacts. In

Fig. 12 the wiper 89 is shown engaging outer contact. A and innerContact 1. These two.

are thereforebridg'ed. Assuming now that the transmitter and thereceivers are in unison, and that the letter K, for-example, is to beprinted: This letter is the eighth from A (counting anticlockwise on thesunflower) which means that eight impulses must be sent over the line tobring K to the printing position, and that the wiper must be arrestedwhen it reaches contact K so as to prolong'the last impulse and causeenergization of the press magnet. At the instant represented in Fi n;

12the circuit of clutch relay is closed throu h two perforations in thecontrol tape (not shown in Fig. 12) under the second and eleventh of thecontacts 37, counting from the over the line by the commutator. Beforethe wiper passes sunflower contact B the advance of the control tapebrings the K pair otperiorations into register with the third and tenthof contacts 37. It will be observed that this third contact 37 is inseries withthe sunflower contact B, but when finger 116 reaches the.latter the circuit is not closed, inasmuch as finger still on contact 1,which is insulated from contact 2. Consequently the wiper continues itscounterclockwise movement. When the wiper reaches contacts H and 2 thecircuit still open, since there is no tape-perforation under the firstof contacts 37, with which contact H is connected,

. but when the wiper finger 116 reaches contact 1 r, and therehastherefore been sent over.

the line the number of impulses needed to rotate the type wheel from Ato K, the circuit is closed through mercury 44, third contact37,'contact K, wiper fingers 116 and 115,

contact 2, and tenth contact 37-; whereupon the magnetic clutch'or brake109, energized by this closing oi the circuit through relay 110, arreststhe shaft 84 with the wiper on 1 contacts K and 2. thereby prolongingthe final impulse and causing press magnet 105 to act. This prolongedimpulse holds the circuit of the tape-feed magnet closed .(at relay 97long enough for the tapefeed'magnet 67 to act and advance the tapeanother step, whereupon a cycle similar to that described above isperformed, that is, the wiper will move until it reaches the sunflowercontacts which are connected to the.

' line through the mercury bodies 44, 45 and the motor armature shaft 85by pulleys 121,

122, and belt 123, and having a screw thread 124, which may be of theratchet type. This thread is engaged by an arm 125 carrying-aninsulating stud 126 and mounted in a stud 127 to swing on a horizontalaxis, the stud 127 itself being mounted to rock on a vertical axis, thearm thus being capable of universal swinging movement.

A light spring 128 urges the arm leftwardly against the rightwardmovement imparted by the screw thread rotating in the direction of thearrow applied to shaft 85, and also urges the arm downwardly intoengagement with the thread. Underneath the arm is a finger 129,.

carried by the armature 130 of the repeat magnet 131 and held normallyin raised or upper position by a spring 132. Contact133, car ried by anadjusting screw 135 is an insulating post 136, cooperates with a contact137 ona vertical spring arm 138. The upward movement of the liftingfinger 129, and hence the lift of repeat-arm 128 also, is limited by astop 139' carriedby the standard 140 in which shaft 120 is journaled.Contacts 133, 137 are in series with the tape-feed relay 97 (see Fig.12), which is in the transmission line to the ticker; while the-repeatmagnet 131 is in series with the magnetic clutchbrake 109. It will beseen that so long as the repeat magnet is de-energized the arm 125 isheld up, as in Fig. 11, out of engagement with the screw 124, and isheld in retracted position by spring 128. Contacts 133, 137 thereforeremain closed. "When, however, the magnet is energized the finger 129 islowered, arm 125 is drawn into engagement with the screw, which,constantly rotated by shaft 120, carries the arm rightwardly and (if theoperation is continued long enough) brings the arm 125 against contactspying 138. thereby bending the latter and separating" the contacts133-137. line circuit, and, through the medium of the relay 97, opensthe circuit of the tape-feed magnet 67 also. Being thus de-energized,the latter permits the spring 68, Fig. 3, to rock the armature 64 andretract the feed-pawl 53 over the feed-ratchet 61 into position torotate the ratchet and feed the tape forward This opens the another stepat the next energization of the feed magnet. The repeat operation willnow be readily understood.

Assuming that the w d UTTER, for example, is to be printed, the operatorpunches the tape for the fourdiflerent letters, repeating theT-perforations. lVhen the wiper comes to contacts U4 on the sunflower,Fig. 12, theclutch 109 is energized in the manner already described,thereby arresting the-commutator shaft 84, and, by thus prolonging thelast impulse, causing U to be printed by the ticker. (This impulse maybe either positive or negative, for example positive.) At the same timethe relatively slow-acting tapefeed relay 97 is energizedby theprolonged impulse and closes the circuit of tape-feed magnet 67, therebyadvancing the tape one step and bringing the first pair ofT-perforations to contacts 37.

This movement of the tapeopens the clutch-relay circuit, Whereupon theclutch lets go and the wiper starts again; As soon as it passes off 'ofcontacts U4 a negative impulse is sento'ver the line by the commutator,which tends to reverse thev residual polarity of the poles of thetape-feed relay magnet 97. The consequent decrease of the strength ofthe field of this relay magnet 97 is sufficient to cause the magnet tolet go of its armature instantly, thereby breaktation of the ticker,type-wheel in unison with the wiper) the clutch-relay 110, clutch 109,

and repeat inagnet 131 are de-energized;'the

tape-feed relay 97 is de-e-nergized; the tapefeed magnet 67 isde-energized; and the feed pawl 63, Fig. 3, is in position to advancethe tape at the next energization of the feed mag- I net. VVhen thewiper reaches contacts T-4 t e clutch relay circuit is established, the

c utch is energized (arresting the commutator shaft 84 and causing T tobe printed),

and the tape-feed relay 97 is energized. The

'tape thereupon advances and breaks the clutch relay circuit at contacts37 but by bringing the second pair of T perforations to these contactsthe tapere-establis hes the clutch relay circuit throug li; sunflowercon-' tacts T4 before the clutch itself has time to ever. the slowacting repeat magnet (in series witlrthe clutch) is energized by thedouble prolongation of the printing impulse, thereby. actuating itsarmature and permitting arm to be drawn down'into engagement with theconstantly rotating screw 1.24. on shaft 120, Figs. 9 and 11, whereuponthe screw I carriesthe arm rightwardly and. causes it to separatingcontacts 133, 1-37.

break the circuit of the feed'magnet 67 by The screw is so arranged onits shaft that at theinstant of breaking this circuit the end of thethread passes the arm, thus permitting the spring 128, Fig. 9, to swingthe'arm back (immediatelya fter'the break) against the adjacentconvolution of the screw, thus immediately re-establishing the feedcircuit. In short, the repeat magnet breaks the feed circuit, allowingthe feed-pawl 63, Fig. 3, to be retracted,

then the feed circuit iselosed again, thereby re-energizing the feedmagnet and causing the tape to advance another step. This carries thesecond pair of T-perforations out from under the contacts 37,thereby-breakingthe circuit of the clutch relay 110 at the lattercontacts. The E-perforations thus. brought .tothecontacts 37 bridgethere the contacts for the letter E, butdo not,of course,'re-estab-'lish a circuit through the clutch relay, since the wiper is on contactsT4. Consequently the clutch relay 110, clutch 109, and repeat magnetI31, have time to de-energize before the screw 124 can come around againand re 'nating impulses over the line.

these im ulses .de-energizes the tape-feed relay 97, t iereby openingthe feed'm'agnet cir cult and causing the feed pawl 63, Fig. 3, to beretracted into position to advance the tape again when the wiper.reaches'cohtacts E-1 and by consequent energization of the clutch 109causes the final impulse .to be prolonged. Suppose that instead ofpunching only two pairs of T-perforations the operator had punchedthree'pairs. Then when the third pair comes to the contacts 37 theletter T is printed the third time, the repeat magnet remainsenergized,- the feed magnet circuit is opened by screw 12% but simmediately closed again in the manner described, and the It willthereiore be tape is fed forward.- seen that so long as the operatorpunches perforations the tape-will be fed forward in harmony therewithbut that the wiper grill the T contacts of the sunflower instead ofhaving tomake a'complete revelus tion (from T-. i back to T-4) betweeneach imprint. Of-coursethe same is true of-any other letter. v

It will be understood that-thenumber of v alternating impulses whichmust be sent in uninterrupted sequence over the line to bring a givencharacter on the ticker typewheel to the impression point is notconstant but depends upon the number ofsunflower cont i For example,Fig, 12 shows-thewiper, letter A. If, the neiit unison, and wheneverthis happens thesending operator; brings the. receiver backinto unisonby causing the. ticker typewheel to rotate a sufficient number. oftimes, or asufiicient number of steps," without flanne This is done bysending over. the linejasu cient number of alternating impulses. Forthis purpose provision vis-made by: which an adequate number of impulsescan betransmitted automatically but atthe willof the sending operator. jThe means'pror'ided includes a simple spring, key -contact 141, Fig. 1,'and an overhanging.contact 142, Thes'e contacts are normally closed, andare in series with the -lotters-period contact on [the sunflower ,'asshown in Fig. l2. 1 Thisfle tt'ersperiod contact is the lett one: ofthe'two uppermost contacts in Fig. 12, and is marked with a dot. Itisemployed after each word to space it from the next word. andconscquently it is frequently: used. It will beob served that if the keylll is depressed at any time, thereby opening the connection betweencontact mechanism 37 4 4- andthe'letters, period contacton thesunflower, the circuit, of the-clutch relay 110will not bc closed'; whenI the next letters-period perforations come, to the contacts 37. On thecontrary .tbis circuit remains open. Consequently the circuit of clutch1.09'remains opemand hence the wiper revolves indefinitelyor would so 1eVolvo except for them-lion of the mechanism now to be 1lesc.ribed-.- I i1 ReferringtoFigsE)and 10,;shatt 145, carrying the wiper 89, is providedwith a thread 14 :6, preferably of the ratchet type, This thread 146 canbe engaged by one arm a lever 14?- pivoted to rock on: a horizontal aXisin thestud 14.8 whichis.itselfpivgjted to rock onan axis at rig it.angles to the former,.tlielever being thus jcapahlo of. universalswinging morement.,, The arm is urged downwardly into engagement withthe screw 14.;6; and -also toward vthe right (Fig. 9).by a spring 149:(F'gilll) ,i'nul hasits outer arm under. the or U ture 150 of theunisonImage-ct lei" ward swing of this ,armatura and quently. thedownward or cdunterrlga(wise movement of the leverl ,nndertlie iiiiluws'ence ot' spring 149, is regulated by nasa justable screw-stop 152,while the rightward swing of the lever (li ig. 9) is limited by theupright portion 150 of the armature. The

lever carries an arm 158 to cooperate with a spring contact 154 as thelever is swung to the left by screw 146 and carries .the contact intoengagement with a contact 155. 7 These contacts -1, 155, normally open,are connected across mercury 41 and the letters-period contact on thesunflower, as indicated in Fig. 12. The operation will now be readilyunderstood, as follows.

Suppose the operator (who usually has before hinra ticker in series withthe distant tickers) observes that his ticker is out ot and holds itopen.

.unison; He immediately opens-the lettersperiod circuit by depressingkey-contact 141 Between the-contact mechanism 37.t445 (Fig. 12)- and thepunching mechanism is a loop of tape bearingnumierous pairs ofperforations, which include numerous pairs of letters periodperforations for spacing the words or numbers apart. Evidently theopening oi" the circuit mentioned by depressingkey l tl can-l not in anycase have any etl'ect upon the operation until the next letters-periodperfora tions come to the contacts 37. But when this happens theletters-period circuit is not closed, since there is a break in it atcontacts 141, 142. Consequently the wiper does not stopon theletters-period contact but keeps on rotating, thereby sendingalternating impulses over the line which cause the ticker typewheel torotate until brought to rest by' the ticker unison mechanism (which mayhe of the construction described in the prior patent of George S. Hiltz,above mentioned) with the letters period, or, in general, the space, atthe impression point. lVhile this is going on the unison magnet ltil isnot energized, since it is in series with the clutch 1109; Consequentlytheunison lever 147 is held down by spring 149 in engagement with theunison screw 146. which rapidly carries the arm leftwardly (Fig. 9),bringing it up to spring contact 154 and closing it 'upon contact-155.The gap made in the'lettersperiod circuit by depression of key 141 is.net 151, in series with the clutch 10$), is

also energized, thereby rocking its armature and lifting the unisonlever 147 out of engagement with the screw, whereupon the .spring 149rockthe lever over to its extreme rightward position. In the normaloperation of the system the energization of the unison magnet occurs sofrequently that it is never left 1n engagement with the'screw longenough to close the contacts 154-155.

The speed of the system as a whole cannot be, in general, any greaterthan the speed at which the receiver or receivers can operate. This isusually much less than the' speed of the operator in punching the tape,and hence a considerable length of the latter may accumulate betweenthcpunching and Contact mechanisms, thereby permitting the operator, insuch.circumstances, to give his attention to other duties. During such aperiod the receivers might get outof unison without his perceiving itand hence without its being rectified promptly. To take are of suchconditions provision is-made whereby the unison mechanismcan be broughtinto operation automatically at suitable intervals, long or shortaccording to' the operators judgment, without the necessity of actuatingthe key 141. For this purposethe punchingapparatus is provided with ahammer 20, Fig. 1, having only one 1iunch-actuating projection or.finger (21). This projection is positioned to actuate-the punchcorresponding to that one of the con-.

t-acts 37 which is connected to the inner sunflower contact 1, that is,the contact 37 at the extreme right of the series in Fig. 12.'

unison magnet 151 is not energized, and the unison lever continues inengagement with the screw 146 and eventually closes contacts 154.-155 aspreviously described. By this time the receiver type-wheels have beenrotated several times and arrested at the unison position; The next timethe wiper comes to the letters-period contact on the sunflower it findsconnection already made between mercury 45 and contact 1 by theunisonhole in the tape, and between mercury 44 and the letters-periodcontact by the contacts 154:155; and the arrivel of the wiper on theletters-period contact; connects the same with contact 1, therebycompleting the clutch re lay circuit, whereupon the clutch is energized,the wiper is arrested, the ticker prints a space (or a period), theunison magnet is energized, the unison lever is retracted, contacts 154-155 are separated, the clutch relay circuit 'is broken by the separationof the latter contacts, the clutch is def energized, and the wiperstarts again in uni-- son with the receivers. It is customary, thoughnot necessary, for the operator to punch the. tape for letters periodimmediately after the single (or unison) per-foration, thus causing twoperiods to be printed on the receiving tape (or two spaces to be passed)and giving him reassuring visible indication, if he happens to belooking,

that the system has actually been brought to unison. I

The operation of theunison mechanism, initiated in either of the-aboveways, is rapid, being limited in speed only by the speed with whichthereceiverescapeinents can respond to the alternating impulses sentover the line. In practice the speed of the i motor 80 that drivesthewiper and commutator is preferably regulated as by means of therheostats 83) to a speed as close as possible to but not higher than themaximum speed at which the esca'pement can respond sensitive enough torespond to the relatively short impulses which energize the escapementmagnets. On the other hand, in systems Where the transmitter iscontrolled directly from a key-board a practiced operator can alwaysmanipulate the keys much faster than the receiver or ticker can operate,and he must therefore adjust his own speed to that of the receiver. Thislntroduces the personal equation, and hence every operator is at timestoo slow, others habrt'ually so. Some frequently get ahead of thereceiver, thereby putting the systemout of step and necessitatingcorrespondingly frequent return to unison with'consequent loss of time.The net result is that the system is seldom if everroperated at topetliciency. In the system described herein, the personal equation is ineffect eliminated. Theoperator can punchthe tape as fast 'as he likesand can accumulate as much matter on the tape as he'pleases.- The,t'ransmitterthen takes it at the maximum speed of the receivers. Thisfollows from the fact that the speed of thetape througih the contactmechanism which controls the transmitter is dependent upon the speed ofthereceiver, since the tape feed does not occur until the printingimpulse is transmitted and hence the 'feed is never out of step with thepress magnet. The system therefore operates at maximum eflioiency, witha substantial increase in net output over systems :in. which directkevboard control is employed. I

Tr qnmetimes happens that the operator is sult in serious loss to otherexample when the tickers are reportm'gprices given instructions to killor throw out certain matter which has been given him for transmission.If the matter tobe deleted has already been punched he cuts' out thenecessary part of the tape and splices the ends or simply threads thetape into the contactmechanism again when the break reaches the latter.

Later the instructions may be countermanded. If the tape has alreadybeen cut,

the re-insert-ion of the deleted matter would entail starting" a new.tape and re-punching all the matter following the cut, which would meanloss of time and labor. Sometimes, too, it is desirable to send animportant item out over the system immediately; Such an item is known asa flash. In order'to send it the operator would haveto cut the tape andstart a new 0ne,as in the case of re-insertion of a kill or throw, withsimilar delay.

In order to avoid such delay, which may re ersons, as for in an activemarket, provision is made whereby the operator can at anytime interruptthe automatic transmission and transmit 1 manually, resuming theautomatic operation as soon as the flash or the throw has been sent. Thekeyboard mechamsmprovided for this purpose is illustrated in 'Figs. 12,13,14,

to which reference is now-made.

The keyboard shown in thejfigures mentioned. comprises an. annular. rowof twenty-eightplunger keys 160 resting"on:insulating bars 161whiclrspan theii'nner and outer annular rows of insulatedspring'contacts .162, 1 63, cooperating:with'underly-ing stationaryinsulated contacts 164, 165,,so that whenany' key is depressed the twosprings will be carried down into engagement with the correspondingcontacts below,.as'will he read- 'i'ly understood.- As shown. in F -151. .12, the inner sprmg contacts-162 are electrically-connected to theannular bus166,Whichlis-itself connected to current supply main1.00.,-wh.ile

the'outer.springs163- are connected to the inner fixed contacts 164a are.connecte dgin'four groups I of seven each, corresponding to the innercontacts 1, 2, 8',t-of the-sunflowerdand the groups; areconnected"individually to the four right handlupper terminals of the-deable-throw switch. 168. -Thetouten eontaets 165 are 'dinneet d infour-groups ofzseven each in exactly :t iesa me manner. as theioutercontacts on the sunflower-,a-ndareslcoirnected with the correspondingseven contacts 37- of the mercury contact mechanismmw'llhe othercontacts 37, normally cooperating :with -:themercury 45, are connected:to:.-thef four zupper 5 left 'handterm-inalsof switch .-168,-while theupper: four of l'the .linne'r terminals of :the switch are connectedxwith. ithe qinneri :group of sunflower contacts .1, 2. 3, 4:" 5 Itwilltherefore be seen that when the switch in the le'ft'hand' 308161011,shown-1n Fi 2, the he 1 :;board is cutout of the system, but that whenthe switch'is in the right hand position the mercury contact mechanismis out out and the keyboardcutina The outer-bus 16'? then takes theplace of mercury lei, the inner bus 166-takes the place of. mercury 45,the four groups of lnncr contacts 16-l take tho place of the tour righthand group-contac l7 and the: seven groups ofouter contacts 165 take theplace of the set-contacts 37; while the ,keys 160, servingto vcloseindividually the gaps normally existing between contacts 163 and 165,and between contacts 16:2 and 164,

take the place of the perforated tape. Throw- :ing the switch to theright also cuts out the unison contacts 155F155,- which are connectedbetween niain 100 and the lowermost inner contact of the switch; and atthe same time the I circuit of the tape-feed magnet 67 is broken atthefifth (from the top) of the left hand switch terminals. Similarly,the lowermost of the right hand switch terminals and the sixth of thecenter terminals (counting from the top) lay a shunt across the repeatmagnet 131.

' Assume now that with the switch in its rightward position and withthewiper 89 on sunflower contacts A1, the F key is depressed. Thiscloses the l ceyhoard contacts F, Fig. 12; then as soon as the wiperreaches sunfiowercontacts F and 2 current flows from main ltllthroughwire 101, clutch relay 110, wire 110, to the outer bus-ring 167 of thekeyboard; thence across the outer contacts F and I'ore closed by relay110 and the wiper is arrested on contacts F2, thereby prolonging the theimpulse thenfiowmg over the line and causing the tickers to prmt. lVhenanother key is depressed a similar'cycle of opcr ations is carried out.'To bring the tickers "and transmitter into unison the operator simply'keepslns hands off the keyboard, thereby keeping all circuits open andcausing the wiper to rotate uninterruptedly, until he the type wheel ofhis own ticker brought torest by its unison mechanism. He then depressesthe letters period key (the upper period key in Fig. 13', correspondingto'the letters period cdntacts on the sunflower); whereuponthe wiper-1sarrested on the lettors-period contact the next time it comes tot-hatcontact, and the tickers all print a period, exactly as if he haddepressed the key 141 on the punching mechanism.

At the centerof the keyboard, Figs. 13 and 14, is a repcat key 168-, bywhich the normally closed contacts 169, 170, can bo'separated Thesecontactsare in series with the normally closed repeat contacts 133, 137,previously d scribed. Hence, to repeat a letter without causing thesunflower wiper to make a complete revolution, the operator simply holdsdown the key oi the letter which he desires to repeat thereby keepingthe wiper stationary) and epresses the repeat-key 168. This opens theline circuit, which tic-energizes the press magnet 105 and thereforecauses thetape at the ticker) to be advanced one letter-space. He thenreleases the repeat key, thereby closing the line again, whichre-cnergizes the press magnet and causes the same letter to be printedagain. Evidently this operation will be repeated as long as he depressesand releases the repeat key.

-It-Will be observcd'that the keys of the punching machine, Fig. 1, andthe keysrof tl1(3,t1'l]lSll'1lttt:l keyboard, Fig. 13, bears letters andnun'ierals, and that there are two period keys. As previously stated, aperiod is used after every word or number in lieu of a blank spa-cc. andadvantage is taken of this use to select either row of characters on theticker type wheel. Suppose for example that ERIll/PF/lZi/ST-EEL/127% isto be printed. 'At'ter ElllE is printed the letters period istransn'iitted, because the characters (PF, signifying preferred) next tobe transmitted are letters and hence the same row of characters used aswas employed for printing ERIE. But when PF has been printed the nextcharacters are numerals and hence the other row must be used. after PFthe iigures period is transmitted. This latter, by means such asdescribed in Hiltz Patent No. 1, .)85,l24, hereinhcforementioned, bringsto the impression point the period which is in the figuresrmv and, justbefore the imprint is made, causes the figures row to be selected. sothat the figures period is printed after-PF and the ticker left ineomlition to print lignrcs. -.l-lavii.1g printed 9-13 the ol'icratormust shift back to the let.- tcrs row. in order to print the word STEEL,and he therefore. after 43. transmits the letters period. Again. afterS'llllC-L is printed hoiransmits the ligurcs period so that the 127 canbe printed. i

- it islo be understood tliatlhc intention is is not confined to the artnamed but extends" to all other fieldsjn which the invention may beemployed, as for example 1n the remote control of electric signs and ototherdevices.

Accordingly

